The direction was clean and solid, the cinematography was immaculate, and the special and visual effects were outstanding. Not many movies make me doubt myself like that. One of the best things about this film was that when I thought it was going in one direction, it took a hard right hand turn. Ethan Hawke gave a great performance, which keeps me wondering why he ever agreed to do "The Purge", but the real standout is Sarah Snook, who is breathtaking in her role. This film impacted me heavily, and it kept me thinking and thinking about it for a week after I saw it. Red giants with such a turbulent past could now be tracked down via the detour of age determination.I feel like sometimes great movies don't get enough recognition, films like Prisoners, Enemy, or Predestination. The new study also offers a new approach to the question of how often stars collide and merge as a result. "These stars could have merged with others at an earlier stage of development before nuclear material was swirled to the surface," says Hekker. For some, the high mass determined years ago by means of asteroseismology coincides well with the presence of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen at their surface. The explanation does not apply to all the stars studied. "Their current high mass can be explained by the fact that as red giants they have merged with other stars," she argues. Jennifer Johnson from the Ohio State University. "Before they became red giants, these stars must have been comparatively light," concludes Dr. In some of their measurements, the researchers found values typical for low-mass stars. Depending on how hot - and thus massive - the star in question is, the elements can be found in different ratios. those in the same stage of development as the Sun, turn into red giants towards the end of their life, their inner workings change: carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, which are formed in the nucleus, can be dredged up to the surface in huge plasma currents and can then be detected. These elements allow for an indirect look into the stellar interior. Key to these results were the amounts of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen found at the surface of the stars. "Their large mass is not an original property and therefore not suitable for age determination," she adds. "Some of the mysterious stars must have merged with others during or after their transformation into red giants," Dr. The researchers were able to show that some of the stars look back on an extremely eventful past. The new investigation now solves this contradiction. The asteroseismic method therefore yields ages of less than 6 billion years. The red giants in question proved to be true heavyweights. Heavy stars therefore have a much shorter life expectancy than low-mass ones. Since particularly high temperatures prevail inside heavy stars, their fuel burns comparatively quickly. With methods of asteroseismology it is possible to then deduce the star's mass. Another method of age determination looks at the oscillations of a star. In this so-called spectrum, each element found within the star leaves a characteristic fingerprint. In order to determine these elements' ratios scientists split the light from the respective star into its individual wavelengths. Old stars therefore contain little iron compared to other substances such as magnesium, silicon, and calcium, while young stars contain more. The stars contain comparatively little iron, an element that in the course of galactic evolution was produced only slowly. The red giants' building material points to an ancient age of more than 10 billion years. Both researchers are convinced that the strange stars only feign youthfulness. Johnson from Ohio State University, she has now solved the mystery of some of these stars. "This apparent paradox has intrigued me ever since," she adds. Saskia Hekker from MPS and the University of Aarhus in Denmark, who was part of both discovery teams at the time and is now the first author of the new study, recalls. "The stars seemed to be old and young at the same time," Dr. The results of different age measurements diverged by a full four billion years. But there are tricky cases: Four years ago, two groups of researchers led by the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics and the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy discovered confusing red giant stars.
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